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Reading · Core technique

True, False or Not Given: Find Evidence, Do Not Guess

A clear method for separating a contradiction from information that the passage never gives.
01

Use three precise definitions

True means the passage agrees with the statement. False means the passage gives information that contradicts it. Not Given means the passage does not provide enough information to decide.

  • Do not use your own knowledge of the topic
  • A missing detail is not automatically False
  • Watch absolutes such as all, only, always and never
02

Follow an evidence-first method

Read the statement, identify its main claim and scan for the same idea in the passage. The wording will often be paraphrased, so match meaning rather than identical words.

  • Underline the subject, action and limiting words
  • Locate the relevant sentence or paragraph
  • Compare the complete meanings before choosing
03

Practise under controlled time

Begin slowly enough to explain the evidence for each answer. Add speed only when your decision process is reliable.

  • Write T, F or NG beside the evidence during review
  • Group mistakes by vocabulary, location or logic
  • Return to difficult items after collecting the easier marks

Knowledge check

True, False or Not Given decisions

Apply the definitions precisely. Do not add outside knowledge.
01The passage says: ‘The library opens at 08:00 on weekdays.’ The statement says: ‘The library opens at 09:00 on weekdays.’
02The passage says a new bus service began in June. The statement says the service cost two million dollars to launch.
03What does True mean in this task?
04Which word should make you check a statement especially carefully?
05What is the best evidence-first process?

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